UK Judaica 1932 Jewish Lads ́Brigade/ History of British Jews Silver badge pin

Description

Shipping from Europe with tracking number
The
history of the
Jews
in
England
goes back to the reign of
William the Conqueror
. The first written record of
Jewish
settlement in
England
dates from 1070. The Jewish settlement continued until
King Edward I
's
Edict of Expulsion
in 1290. After the expulsion, there was no overt Jewish community (as opposed to individuals
practising Judaism secretly
) until the rule of
Oliver Cromwell
. While Cromwell never officially readmitted Jews to the
Commonwealth of England
, a small colony of
Sephardic Jews
living in London was identified in 1656 and allowed to remain.
The Tower was a refuge for the Jews of medieval London
The
Jewish Naturalisation Act
of 1753, an attempt to legalise the Jewish presence in England ["Scotland was under the jurisdiction of the Jew Bill, enacted in 1753, but repealed the next year"], remained in force for only a few months. Historians commonly date Jewish Emancipation to either 1829 or 1858, though
Benjamin Disraeli
, born
Jewish
but converted to Anglicanism, had been elected twice as the
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
in 1868 and in 1874. At the insistence of Irish leader
Daniel O'Connell
, in 1846 the British law "De Judaismo", which prescribed a special dress for Jews, was repealed.
[1]
Due to the lack of anti-Jewish violence in Britain in the 19th century, it acquired a reputation for religious tolerance and attracted significant immigration from Eastern Europe.
[2]
In the 1930s and 1940s, some European Jews fled to England to escape the
Nazis
.
Jews faced
antisemitism
and stereotypes in Britain, and antisemitism "in most cases went along with
Germanophobia
" to the extent that Jews were equated with Germans in the early 20th century, despite the
English
themselves being a Germanic ethnic group. This led many
Ashkenazi Jewish
families to Anglicise their often German-sounding names.
[3]
Jews in Britain
now number around 275,000, with almost all (over 260,000) of these in England, which contains the second largest
Jewish population
in Europe (behind France) and the
fifth largest Jewish community worldwide
.
[4]
The majority of the Jews in England live in and around London, with almost 160,000 Jews in London itself, and a further 20,800 just in Hertfordshire, mostly in Southwestern Hertfordshire. The next most significant population is in Greater Manchester, a community of slightly more than 25,000, primarily in Bury (10,360),
[5]
Salford (7,920),
[6]
Manchester proper (2,725)
[7]
and Trafford (2,490).
[8]
There are also significant communities in Leeds (6,760),
[9]
Gateshead (3,000),
[10]
Brighton (2,730),
[11]
Liverpool (2,330),
[12]
Birmingham (2,150)
[13]
and
Southend
(2,080).
[14]
Towns and villages in Hertfordshire with large absolute populations include
Bushey
(4,500),
Borehamwood
(3,900), and
Radlett
(2,300). It is generally believed that Jews are undercounted in censuses due to a disinclination on the parts of some community members to reveal their ethnoreligious background and practice, so these numbers may be low estimates.